Comparing two fictional novels Free Essays

Differentiating between two anecdotal books is a straightforward assignment yet finding a closeness inside them both is a hard activity, or so you may think. At the point when I think about the examination of the two books, which I have to pick, there are numerous books where I have perused before however none as intriguing as what I am going to share. One of the books is â€Å"Daughter of the Sea, Hannah† by Kathy Lacks. We will compose a custom exposition test on Looking at two anecdotal books or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now The other one Is â€Å"The Fallen† by Thomas E. Singsongs. Let us take a gander at the contrasts between the two books In the following section. One of the distinctions Is the thickness of the book and the size of the words. The epic â€Å"Daughter of the Sea, Hannah† Is clearly for littler children around five to ten to peruse as the words are colossal and the thickness of the book Is very dainty. In the interim â€Å"The Fallen† Is pressed with little words and Is limited together In a thick stack. A young person like me would peruse one of this. There are significantly a greater number of contrasts than these. The plot of â€Å"Daughter of the ocean, Hannah† rotates around a vagrant young lady as she bit by bit discovers increasingly about herself as she grows up. She isn't care for an ordinary individual however something else†¦ The Fallen† is a novel about a high school kid having odd occasions occurring around him when he later discovers that he is really the child of a fallen blessed messenger. These two books have various types of topics as well as various types of sentence structures. As you realize that the novel â€Å"Daughter of the Sea, Hannah† is one for the lower evaluations to peruse, it will be loaded up with basic sentences, for example, â€Å"Whatever the animal was, it looked free, absolutely free. What's more, â€Å"Hannah couldn't exactly trust it. † These sentences are easy to permit the lower evaluations to comprehend the novel better. While, the novel â€Å"The Fallen† as sentences like: â€Å"As heinous as the voices had become, the unexpected absence of them was similarly outrageous. † and â€Å"The entryway started to gradually open with the sharp whimper that Tom had been takin g steps to put oil to since the late spring, and three men entered on a ground-breaking whirlwind. † Can you see the contrasts between them now? † Now, lets proceed onward to the likenesses of these two books. So what makes these two books so unique yet so comparable? One of it is the plot of these two books. In the two stories, the principle character is placed into hard positions where they need to settle on choices that may change they’re lives until the end of time. Not just that, both fundamental characters meet new individuals on their mission and furthermore begin to look all starry eyed at. I didn't see they were that comparative until I truly contemplated It. At the point when you read a novel, you don't for the most part contrast the characters and others from another novel. However, I saw that between these two books, both the shopping center characters are vagrants and both have thoughtful, mindful and solid qualities. Though for the lowlife, has an unusual, coldblooded and turned character. Each great novel needs a decent consummation sentence. â€Å"Daughter of the Sea, Hannah† closes Its story with: â€Å"l am not the only one! There Is a world out there. While â€Å"The Fallen† closes Its epic with: â€Å"By contact he found what was required, a twelve-Inch edge that gleamed strongly In the light emissions that spilled in through openings In the blocked windows. The main word that came into my psyche was certainty. Why? Since they give me that they what. Something truly intriguing about the likenesses about these two books is that the writers of these two books made them think and reflecting to myself. I thought; â€Å"If I were to settle on a significant choice later on, will I pick the correct one? Would i be able to be as solid as them in the event that it turns out badly? Or on the other hand will I Just snap like a twig and separate? I can perceive what the writers of these two books was attempting to show us and I felt what they needed me to feel. It’s stunning how unique these books are but then how comparative they can be. May they be from various types, for various age gatherings and with various plots. There will consistently be a similitude between any two fiction books of any sort. At the point when you look into two altogether different books, utilizing you mind and a smidgen of you writing information, you will have the option to detect the likenesses when a strike of lightning. Instructions to refer to Comparing two anecdotal books, Papers

Environmental Legislation And Policy Of The Eu Engineering Essay

In the nineteenth century, steam motor, fuel motor and innovative hardware in industry were the central endorsers for an uproarious situation. With the advancement of Diesel motor, stream motors, expansion in utilization of quicker modern creation hardware including building site apparatus and expanded volume of course traffic, all bothered and heightened commotion contamination in the twentieth century.[ 1 ] Activity to chop down natural clamor was non given any priority when contrasted with other ecological employments, for example, air and H2O contamination. It was contended in the Commission Green Paper that this lack of association in clamor contamination was because of the way that ‘noise is extremely much a neighborhood work with truly changed perceptual encounters in various pieces of the network regarding the agreeableness of the activity ‘ .[ 2 ] In any case in spite of the fact that there was this lack of legitimate contribution in clamor contamination, individuals non only viewed commotion as a constituent that falls apart the earth yet perceived other than that it is ‘unjustifiable intercession and curse upon human solace, wellbeing and the nature of present day life ‘[ 3 ]. In this manner the authoritiess, in 1969 began adjusting commotion in grouped authoritative acts. The European Commission in the ‘Future Noise Policy ‘ ( Green Paper ) brought up that All part regions have comparable orders of the beginnings of natural clamor identified with the distinctive human exercises: course traffic, rail traffic, air traffic, industry, common innovation and structure site exercises, recreational exercises, out-of-entryway hardware (, for example, planting gear ) .2EC Legislation on Noise: the advancement of commotion law in the EU before the acknowledgment of the Directive 2002/49/ECOver the previous 30 mature ages, the EU ‘s ecological strategy points have been introduced in real life Program. The second European Action Program ( EAP ) 1978 built up the issue of clamor suspension. It contained an entire part on ventures against commotion where it sets out unsafe impacts that clamor may hang on the human health. This EAP called attention to that part areas have drawn up a figure of mandates balancing commotion spreads. Accordingly so as to work out the activity of haltering the regular market, the network chose to follow an enemy of c ommotion policy.[ 4 ] Januaries hold that Network rule law on commotion can freely be partitioned into two classs. In the principal topographic point there are a major figure of mandates fitting national laws on anything from engine trimmers to products vehicles and requesting maximal suitable clamor degrees. [ aë†â ¦ ] In the second topographic point there is a sure aggregate of administrative movement regarding commotion delivered via aircrafts.[ 5 ] On the different manus, Miriam Markus-Johansson et Al in Handbook on the Implementation of EC Environmental Legislation, contended that the bing ‘noise control rule law can be partitioned into four classs: engine vehicles, planes, out-of-entryway gear, and family contraptions ‘[ 6 ]. Anyway the scholars need to do make reference to resolution law on railroad what's more modern clamor. In this way I would express that there are five classs: course movement to incorporate railroad other than engine vehicles and the fifth class would be mechanical noise.Road TransportMotor vehicles Under EU resolution law, engine vehicles are separated in two classs: engine vehicles with at any rate four haggles vehicles with a few wheel. Clamor from engine vehicles with in any event four wheels Bing the central supporter of ecological commotion especially in urban nations, the European Union looked to orchestrate clamor requests for course vehicles in 1970, through Directive 70/157/EC. Add to this the mandate presented limits on sound degrees of course vehicles and explicit processs for mensurating sound degrees of fumes frameworks and silencers.[ 7 ] Clamor from two and three wheel engine vehicles Mopeds and bicycles are another significant course traffic clamor endorsers predominantly because of crazy driving conduct and/or intruding of the exhaust framework. Coordinating 97/24/EC builds up permissible sound limits from two and three wheel vehicles and requests for exhaust frameworks, including supplanting parts, and gives steps to counter tampering.10 Coordinating 2001/43/EC manages commotion limits produced by engine vehicles and loafers Surs where the Surs meet the course. ‘These limits separate between vehicle type ( cars, new waves and trucks ) and tire broadness ( 5 classifications ) and will be upheld by incorporating tire commotion preliminaries in EC type-endorsement affirmation requests, which must be met for any Sur to be put on the EU showcase ‘ .[ 8 ] Railwaies A figure of ventures where embraced by the European Commission to limit railroad commotion. It even set up a ‘Railway ‘ working gathering so as to lucubrate the capable and financial aspects of the diminishing of commotion radiations from rail movement systems.[ 9 ] Coordinating 96/48/EC on the interoperability of the trans-European rapid rail framework, which has been point by point further through: Commission Decision 2002/735/EC on capable details for interoperability ( TSI ) partner to rapid turn overing stock Commission Decision 2002/732/EC on capable particulars for interoperability ( TSI ) partner to high-speed railroad foundation Coordinating 2001/16/EC on the interoperability of the ordinary trans-European rail framework, enhanced by: Commission Decision 2004/446/EC specifying the fundamental parametric amounts of the Noise, Freight Wagons and Telematic applications for cargo capable particulars for interoperability alluded to in Directive 2001/16/EC Coordinating 2004/50/EC of 29 April 2004 revising Council Directive 96/48/EC and Directive 2001/16/EC Commission Decision 2006/66/EC refering the capable details for interoperability identifying with the subsystem turn overing stock †noiseAir TransportAircraft clamor was premier controlled by the European Commission in 1979 through Directive 80/51/EEC which was trailed by Directive 89/629/EEC. The previous exchanges with limitations of clamor spreads from subsonic airplane enrolled in the region of part regions ( which was later reached out by Directive 83/206/EEC to incorporate airplanes from non-EU part regions yet winging to EU finishs ) , while the last mandate restricted uproarious airplane from being enlisted in part areas. Following these two mandates was Directive 92/14/EEC which depended on rules of the International Civil Aviation Organization ( ICAO ) , to blue pencil the noisiest airplane from European airdromes, that is, airplanes secured by Chapter 2 of Annex 16 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation other than known as the Chicago Convention, which airp lanes were non permitted to pursue in the EU April 2002. Another order dependent on one of ICAO ‘s affirmations is Directing 2002/30/EC where it applies the standard of adjusted assault to reverberate heading around airdromes. This assault involves four boss components: decline of airplane commotion at starting, land-use arranging and course steps, clamor suspensions operational processs and runing limitations.[ 10 ]Outdoor EquipmentThe EU Commission drew up at any rate seven orders covering clamor from grouped out-of-entryway hardware, whereby it controlled reasonable clamor degrees, commotion degree taging attached on the gear, and clamor measurings basis of around 57 focuses ( for example 63 sorts of apparatus ) . To streamline undertakings the European Parliament and Council received Directive 2000/14/EC partner to reverberate spread in nature from hardware for utilization out-of-doorss. The main attributes of this mandate are ‘harmonisation of commotion radiation limits and rules, harmonization of conformance evaluation pr ocesss, harmonization of clamor degree marker and condensation of informations on clamor spreads ‘ .[ 11 ]Industrial NoiseIndustrial commotion is secured by the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control ( IPPC ) Directive 96/61/EC whereby part areas ‘ governments must take the issue of clamor into thought when distributing licenses to administrators of the huge modern and rural installings. This mandate is relevant other than to bing installings that are to experience a huge change.15Family Appliances NoiseAlthough the coordinating relating with this kind of clamor is fairly later and has been controlled for after Directive 2002/49 EC came into power, I think it is of import to do an expedient notice to this order. ‘Directive 2005/32/EC built up a model for the location of eco-plan requests for vitality utilizing stocks, gives standards and processs controlling the stipulation of exact data on the commotion level of family application ‘ .[ 12 ]The Salient F eatures of Directive 2002/49/ECThe scope of this mandate is to tweak ecological clamor to which universes are uncovered in developed nations, in open Parkss or other calm countries†¦[ 13 ] Be that as it may, this mandate does non use to reverberate that is brought about by the open people himself, clamor from household exercises, commotion made by neighbors, clamor at work topographic focuses or commotion inside methods for movement or because of military exercises in military countries.[ 14 ] Article 3 ( a ) of the Environmental Noise Directive ( END ) characterize ecological commotion as unwanted[ 15 ]or destructive out-of-entryway sound made by human exercises, including commotion transmitted by offices of movement, course traffic, rail traffic, air traffic and from destinations of modern activity.[ 16 ] The reason for this order is to indicate a typical assault proposed to maintain a strategic distance from, forestall or cut down on an organized balance the hurtful effects[ 17 ], including disturbance, because of presentation to natural clamor. Further points of the said coordinating incorporate that informati

Human behavior in the workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Human conduct in the working environment - Essay Example This report additionally incorporates the fundamental issues that are looked inside associations because of contrast in characters and the characteristics of people. A portion of the typical issues looked inside associations because of a blend of various characters are talked about inside this segment. Right off the bat because of the various characters inside an association the administration of the association will confront various issues to inspire the workers. It will require making various strides for each person to persuade the representatives. This can make the association invest a great deal of energy and assets in attempting to propel every person. Likewise this could now and again cause a sentiment of disparity among the workers and could make it much increasingly hard for the administration to persuade representatives (Harvard Business Review, 2000). Additionally the various characters cause a high chance of irreconcilable circumstances inside the association, and alternate points of view in relations to issues. These issues can cause an upsetting workplace for the representatives. This doesn't just impact the employee’s inspirations yet in addition the psychological strength and tranquility. An undesirable workplace additionally prompts representatives loosing enthusiasm for work and can prompt non-appearance. These leads the representatives to confront worry with respect to work. Friedman and Rosenman, researchers have in their work have shown the significance of the connection among character and wellbeing. They introduced in their work that negative enthusiastic conditions of representatives including wretchedness and work life stress can end up being disadvantageous to their wellbeing. Workers, who have a negative enthusiastic perspective, have been concentrated to have different scatters like asthma, cerebral pains and ulcers. Additionally these workers will in general be increasingly inclined to need certainty, decisiveness seeing someone, poor time the board abilities just as poor pressure the executives

Abandonment Of The Jews Essay Example for Free

Deserting Of The Jews Essay David S. Wyman, the creator of Abandonment of the Jews: America and the Holocaust, is by all accounts a knowledgeable and fascinating man. Wyman earned an A. B. in history from Boston University. He at that point went on and earned his Ph. D. in history from Harvard University. Wyman then started to show history and was the executive of the Judaic investigations program at the University of Massachusetts. He has composed different books, for example, Paper Walls: America and the Refugee Crisis; A Race Against Death: Peter Bergson, America, and the Holocaust; and was a proofreader of The World Reacts to the Holocaust. See more: Foot Binding In China article David S. Wyman is by all accounts instructed on the subject of Judaic data, including the Holocaust. He presently has his own foundation to teach individuals on the Holocaust and America’s contribution; it is known as the David S. Wyman Institute for Holocaust Studies. Relinquishment of the Jews: America and the Holocaust, was occurred during World War II in 1941-1945. The creator, David S. Wyman, covers numerous points and conversations to why Jews could have been spared by America and its, could have been, association. The creator has various reasons why he trusts America could have helped spare the Jews; right from the Roosevelt Administration to besieging the railroad that prompted the Auschwitz death camp. The author’s focal contention: David S. Wyman’s contention incorporated that if the United States had a genuine promise to help salvage and spare the Jews of Europe that the United States could have supported in sparing a few hundred a huge number of the Jews that fell under Nazi order. Wyman helped bolster his postulation by utilizing a few books, the one most normal that he refered to from was Bauer. This was an optional source since it a book from another Historian. â€Å"Although Roosevelt didn't consent to the call for reprisal against Germany, he again cautioned the Axis, on August 21, 1942, that culprits of war wrongdoings would be attempted after Germany’s thrashing and face frightful retaliation. † (pg 29) In the second part of the book Wyman focus’ on how America recognized the war however did little to step in and help forestall it or help the Jewish individuals discover shelter. The section features the discussions and the considerations of a large number of the world’s pioneers and their musings on the forthcoming war. Numerous nations needed to disavow the circumstance, or they needed to help with the insignificant measures of troops and cash contributed, especially the British. Another point that bolsters our author’s proposal is the outside nations additionally shut their entryway to all workers making it almost inconceivable for the Jews to enter the nation regardless of whether they figured out how to get away from the Nazis. We had alleviation associations abroad to help apply for visas and to give food, water and dress. Since we neglected to make our ways for foreigners numerous passed on in the outcast camps. The ones that made it through the unacceptable conditions and infections had different issues to stress over. Whatever steadiness and bolster the Jews found in France was immediately reduced as Germany came in and had â€Å"round-ups† gathering all the individuals in camps and sending them to their demise. They were basically exposed targets in France wishing and seeking after opportunity and dreadful on the grounds that they were still so near death. This data originated from the Overseas Files. â€Å"The expulsions were annihilating on an individual level, even before individuals understood that departure implied murder by gas. † (pg 34) This was an essential source since it was a journal article of a lady working at the camp. A family that had done everything conceivable to escape from the Nazi handle, wound up isolated. From the start the kids lived however in the long run it was each of the a slaughter. The youngsters that escaped attempted to discover their folks sometime in the not too distant future 2 and numerous simply gotten return letters stepped, parti sans addresse, which implies goal obscure. David S. Wyman utilized the New York Times frequently in the composition and research for this book. He discovered numerous articles that included meetings with congressmen during the hours of worry in and the absence of association from the United States. One of the articles helped the writer show the absence of worry for the Jewish casualties in Europe. As Roosevelt just discussed how the Nazis and others would be â€Å"tried after Germany’s annihilation and face ‘fearful retribution’. † Not one time did Roosevelt notice the destiny of the European Jews. The writer likewise utilized the Am Jewish Congress; Am Jewish Congress Papers on various occasions in this book. One demonstrated the help and fights that originated from the American Jewish Congress’s â€Å"Stop Hitler Now† crusade. It was a mass gathering that began on March 1, 1943. It was bolster that joined endeavors and had the option to purchase a full page promotion in the New York Times that expressed, â€Å"America Must Act Now! † I thought this book was exceptionally charming. Albeit some of the time my perusing level was unacceptable to completely comprehend what was happening or simply that reality that possibly not the entirety of my consideration was dedicated to perusing around then. I appreciated the book, yet I am additionally an individual that appreciates finding out about the Holocaust and would prefer to find out about that than do a great deal of things. I feel like the book was composed for the overall population since I think the author’s reason for existing was to teach the United States individuals of how we may have â€Å"turned our backs. † I would prescribe this book to anybody that needs to instruct themselves on a troublesome however interesting subject. I would not say that it is a â€Å"must read,† however it is a book that can be perused by a wide range of people.

Historical Poems of Social Protest and Revolution

Authentic Poems of Social Protest and Revolution About 175 years prior Percy Bysshe Shelley stated, in his Defense of Poetry, that â€Å"poets are the unacknowledged administrators of the world.† In the years since, numerous artists have played that job to heart, straight up to the current day. They’ve been riffraff rousers and nonconformists, progressives and truly, now and then, legislators. Artists have remarked on the occasions of the day, offering voice to the persecuted and discouraged, deified revolts, and crusaded for social change.â Thinking back to the headwaters of this stream of dissent verse, we’ve assembled an assortment of great sonnets in regards to dissent and insurgency, starting with Shelley’s own â€Å"The Masque of Anarchy.†Ã¢ Percy Bysshe Shelley: â€Å"The Masque of Anarchy† (distributed inâ 1832; Shelley kicked the bucket in 1822) This graceful wellspring of shock was incited by the notorious Peterloo Massacre of 1819 in Manchester, England. The slaughter started as a tranquil dissent of ace majority rules system and against destitution and finished with at any rate 18 passings and more than 700 genuine wounds. Inside those numbers were blameless people; ladies and youngsters. After two centuries the sonnet holds its capacity. Shelleys moving sonnet is an epic 91 stanzas, every one of four or five lines a piece. It is splendidly composed and reflects the power of the 39th and 40th stanzas:â         XXXIX.What is Freedom?- ye can tellThat which servitude is, unreasonably well-For its very name has grownTo a reverberation of your own.      XL.’Tis to work and have such payAs just keeps life from day to dayIn your appendages, as in a cellFor the tyrants’ use to abide, Percy Bysshe Shelley: â€Å"Song to the Men of England† (distributed by Mrs. Mary Shelley in The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley inâ 1839) In this work of art, Shelley utilizes his pen to talk explicitly to the laborers of England. Once more, his indignation is felt in each line and plainly he is tormented by the persecution he sees of the white collar class. Tune to the Men of England is composed basically, it was intended to speak to the less instructed of Englands society; the laborers, the automatons, the individuals who took care of the abundance of the dictators. The eight verses of the sonnet are four lines each and follow a musical AABB melody like arrangement. In the subsequent refrain, Shelley attempts to awaken the laborers to the predicament they may not see: Wherefore take care of and dress and saveFrom the support to the graveThose selfish automatons who wouldDrain your perspiration nay, drink your blood? By the 6th verse, Shelley is considering the individuals to ascend a lot of like the French did in the insurgency a couple of decades earlier: Sow seed-however let no dictator reap:Find riches let no faker heap:Weave robes-let not the inactive wear:Forge arms with all due respect to hold up under. William Wordsworth: â€Å"The Prelude, or, Growth of a Poet’s Mind† Books 9 and 10, Residence in France (distributed in 1850, the time of the writers passing) Of the 14 books that gracefully detail Wordsworths life, Books 9 and 10 respect his time in France during the French Revolution. A youngster in his late 20s, the unrest negatively affected this in any case home-bodied Englishman. In Book 9, Woodsworth composes enthusiastically: A light, a remorseless, and vain world cut offFrom the normal bays of just sentiment,From modest compassion and rebuking truth;Where great and shrewdness trade their names,And hunger for wicked riches abroad is combined Walt Whitman: â€Å"To a Foil’d European Revolutionaire† (from Leaves of Grass,â first distributed in the 1871-72 version with another release distributed in 1881) One of Whitmans most well known assortments of verse, Leaves of Grass was a lifetime work that the writer altered and distributed 10 years after its underlying discharge. Inside this is are the progressive words of â€Å"To a Foil’d European Revolutionaire.† In spite of the fact that its hazy whom Whitman is addressing, his capacity to start mental fortitude and strength in the progressives of Europe stays an amazing truth. As the sonnet starts, there is no questioning the artists enthusiasm. We just marvel what started such involved words. Fortitude yet, my sibling or my sister!Keep on-Liberty is to be subserv’d whatever occurs;That is nothing that is quell’d by a couple of disappointments, or any number of failures,Or by the lack of concern or selfishness of the individuals, or by any unfaithfulness,Or the demonstration of the tushes of intensity, warriors, gun, punitive rules. Paul Laurence Dunbar, â€Å"The Haunted Oak† An unpleasant sonnet written in 1903, Dunbar assumes the solid subject of lynching and Southern equity in The Haunted Oak. He sees the issue through the considerations of the oak tree utilized in the issue. The thirteenth refrain might be the most noteworthy: I feel the rope against my bark,And the heaviness of him in my grain,I feel in the throe of his last woeThe contact of my own last torment. Progressively Revolutionary Poetry Verse is the ideal scene for social dissent regardless of the subject. In your examinations, make certain to peruse these works of art to show signs of improvement feeling of the underlying foundations of progressive verse. Edwin Markham, â€Å"The Man With the Hoe† -  Inspired by Jean-Franã §ois Millet’s painting Man with a Hoe,† this sonnet was initially distributed in the San Francisco Examiner inâ 1899. Upton Sinclair noted in The Cry for Justice: An Anthology of the Literature of Social Protest that Markhams poemâ becameâ â€Å"the call to war of the following thousand years.† Truly, it addresses hard work and the working man.Ella Wheeler Wilcox, â€Å"Protest† - From Poems of Purpose, distributed in 1916, this sonnet encapsulates the soul of dissent regardless of the reason. To make some noise and show your boldness against the individuals who cause enduring, Wilcoxs words are timeless.Carl Sandburg, â€Å"I Am the People, the Mob† -  Also from a 1916 assortment of poetry, Chicago Poems, Sandburg strengthens the considerations of Wilcox. He discusses the intensity of the individuals - the horde - the group - the mass and the capacity to reco llect wrongs while learning a superior way.Carl Sandburg, â€Å"The Mayor of Gary† -  A freestyle section that showed up in 1922s Smoke and Steel, this sonnet takes a gander at the Gary, Indiana of 1915. The 12-hour day and the 7-day seven day stretch of the laborers attracted a sharp complexity to Garys trim and legitimate city hall leader who possessed energy for a cleanser and shave.

GRE Coaching Approaches in Boston with Chris

This week we're spotlighting Chris, who joined the Cambridge Coaching team in 2014 as an applications coach andsubject test tutor in the humanities. Chris is charming and bright, and with nearly perfect scores on the GRE, he's sure to give great advice on GRE coaching approaches! What’s helpful about working with a private tutor for the GRE? I think that, frequently, students find studying for the GRE--or for any standardized test--daunting in itself. Prep books do a good job outlining particular skill-sets, but I often feel they don't prioritize which skill is more important, or how much time to spend on one math competency vs. another, etc. When you work with a private tutor, you engage in a conversation with the test that makes that test more approachable, more "human," in a sense. So the "coaching" element of the experience is profound, and personal. What’s your overall philosophy to teaching the GRE? I like to think of the GRE as an exam made by people. Although it has a kind of "machinic" quality, it was written by humans, who are hoping to test math and reading and English-language skills--and who, despite what people might say, don't necessarily want to "trick" the test-taker. GRE questions can be involved, but they're very, very rarely truly ambiguous. Rather, they ask test-takers to make subtle distinctions--and by thinking like a test-writer, you're more capable of doing that. What’s your approach to teaching the verbal section? First: read as much as you can. Maybe this is always true--but the patterns of speech, the rules of grammar, the kinds of arguments people make in essays, the information they provide--all these are embedded in other texts in the world, and one's familiarity with those texts makes the entire reading experience of the verbal GRE much more manageable. Second: take your time. I find that students feel they need to fly through the verbal, perhaps as quickly as they can sometimes do the math problems. But reading the passages, in particular, is a time investment--one that pays off, if you read efficiently and critically. It's no sin to "waste" time on the reading--in fact, that's the point of the questions. What are the three most important things you think all GRE students should know? 1. You can do it! The GRE is a test for which one can prepare. And targeted prep, even over a short period, is really effective--both in building skill-sets and in boosting test-taker confidence. 2. Prepare efficiently. Not everything on the GRE is "worth" the same amount. Some math competencies--those related to triangles, for example--and far, far more important, and more common, that those related to, say, probabilities. So, in a short time-frame especially, one can gain a lot by focusing on relatively few areas. 3. Sleep! I know this is a no-brainer, but people prepping for the GRE are often busy, working and studying and living their lives. Not just the night before the exam, but in the days and weeks before, I find that, if students can carve out a studying schedule that allows for restful recharging at night, stress levels go down, and students can spend really effective amounts of time prepping for the exam. What’s the most common GRE fear you see among incoming students? "I don't know what this question says." It's a common feeling, and totally natural. The GRE uses the English language, but like anything else, questions are worded with certain expectations in mind. Especially in the verbal/reading sections, test-makers are hoping to elicit certain reactions from the student. What kind of argument is the reading's speaker making? How could one improve the argument? What distinction is the speaker making, here? These types of questions recur, even if the wording changes from section to section. By examining these question types, a test-taker can feel a lot more confident in understanding just what the question is about. How much can I expect to improve? The short answer is, "it depends" but I've always found that students can, and do, improve, especially when they stick to a tutoring time-table, when they work hard outside sessions, and when they come to tutoring ready to ask questions, to examine mistakes they might have made in their homework, and to take notes on vocab and math competencies. In this way, GRE prep doesn't have any one "secret" or "silver bullet" method--but it's, instead, the accumulation of efficient prep, hard work, the conversation between tutor and student, and using the right GRE coachingapproaches for you. How do you think the GRE compares to the SAT? The GRE is a more difficult exam--and it should be! But it's more difficult in the way college is more difficult than high school. It's more rigorous and more subtle--the questions it asks require the test-taker really to examine a passage, or to hone in on the mathematical competency at hand. The GRE assumes, rightly, that college will have prepared students to make these kinds of distinctions--and students really can do it! So much of the test, then, is trusting in one's additional four years of college-level work--the arguments one makes in writing, the decision-making that might be reflected in a math problem (even if the student hasn't taken any college-level math). It's not that one needs to be an English or a Math major to do well on the GRE--instead, one needs the sort of critical thinking one picks up as an undergraduate to navigate the exam successfully. Read Chris' tutor biography: Chris Schlegel graduated from Princeton, in 2009, with an AB in German Literature and a Certificate in Creative Writing (Poetry). His junior papers, on a short story of Robert Musil’s and a novella of Samuel Beckett’s, won the German Department’s Junior Independent Work Prize, and his thesis on Musil won the Department’s Senior Thesis Prize. He was also awarded the Theodore Holmes ’51 Poetry Prize in his senior year. Chris graduated Phi Beta Kappa, and with high departmental honors. After college, Chris worked for Princeton-in-Asia, a non-profit based in Princeton, NJ, and spent the summer of 2010 leading a group of college students on a service-learning and teaching trip in Jishou and throughout Hunan Province, China. During the 2010-2011 academic year, Chris completed a Fulbright Study Grant in Berlin—where he continued his research on the fiction of Robert Musil. From 2011 to 2013, Chris studied poetry at the Iowa Writers’ Workshop, as an Iowa Arts Fellow, and he has been published in the poetry journal LANA TURNER and at petripress.org. At the University of Iowa, Chris has taught an undergraduate poetry workshop and creative writing for business students. Chris focuses on application consulting, standardized test prep (including AP classes), and subject tutoring in the humanities (especially English language and literature and composition) and the social sciences. Chris scored a 1600 on his SAT; 800s on his SAT II Subject Tests (in Math IIC, Physics, and Writing); a 1570 on the GRE General Test (V: 770; Q: 800; W: 6.0); and a 760 on the GRE Subject Test in English Literature. He also scored 5s on his AP exams, including Calculus, Statistics, Computer Science, Biology, and European History. Chris recently has taken up swimming and jogging, often at a very slow pace. He is a first-year student in Harvard’s English PhD program. Looking to work with our admissions coach Chris in Boston ? Feel free toget in touch! Cambridge Coaching offers private in-person tutoring in New York City and Boston, and online tutoring around the world. ;

What Are The Common App Essay Topics?

What Are The Common App Essay Topics?When you have to write a common app essay, you will surely face a lot of difficulty. You can ask an expert to advise you in the way out. Here are some of the most common app essay topics you should consider.First, let us discuss the subject matter of the common app essay. Any kind of mobile phone application is classified as common app. Hence, the main feature of the essay will be about mobile phone applications.There are two kinds of essay - historical or literary, and it has to be done in a specific language. Well, there are two forms of essays that can be done. The first one is the Essay Writing, while the second one is the Common App Essay.Now, the first type of common app essay is the historical type of essay. It focuses on the introduction and the conclusion of the essay. The theme and the approach of the essay will be specified in the introduction. Now, if you write the essay in the historical form, you can use both the ancient and the mode rn forms of writing. You can focus on the past in a concise manner.The second type of essay is the literary type of essay. It will be delivered to the reader in a poetic form. You will have to use the words in a lyrical and poetic manner. You can write as if you are writing a letter to your beloved.Now, the third type of essay is the Common App Essay. It is mostly taught to the students at the university level.The Common App Essay type of essay will deliver an overview about the common apps available on the market and the potentials that they possess. This will serve as a guide to the students. The students should be advised to use all the available applications that are available. They can also be guided on how to write the common app essay in a shorter period of time.

Causes And Effects Of Drug Abuse And Mental Illness

Do not Hurt the Innocent Erica Saatkamp English lll Mrs. Robinson 24 November, 2014 Outline Causes abuse Drugs abuse and mental illness is a cause in a way that the abusers abuses their victims. Causes of abuse is when the abuser lived with someone in the past that abused him or her or someone in the household. Effects Many Victims suffer from long-term abuse Many short-term effects are broken bones, internal bleeding and head trauma. Signs of abuse Emotional abuse including threats to harm the victims family, friends, children, con-workers, or pets, isolation mind games, destruction of victims property or stalking. Economic abuse such as controlling the victims money withholding for basic needs interfering with school or jobs or damaging victims credit. Physical such as touching the victims in a way that harms them. There are three stages that you can tell if you are being abused. Age of abuse in 2009, an estimated 3.5 million california adults age 18-65 reported that they have been a victim of physical and sexual intimate partner violence since age 18. Nearly one- quarter of california adults who experienced abuse have reported an incident occurring in the previous 12 months. Child abuse or child maltreatment, is an act by a parent, caretaker, sibling, family member, or others that results in physical or emotional harm to a child. Seeking help The first women s domestic violence shelter was built in 1974. hotline workers have written guidelines toShow MoreRelatedEssay Drug Abuse and Mental Health 1194 Words   |  5 PagesSubstance abuse complicates almost every aspect of care for the person with a mental disorder. When drugs enter the brain, they can interrupt the work and actually change how the brain performs its jobs; these changes are what lead to compulsive drug use. Drug abuse plays a major role when concerning mental health. It is very difficult for these individuals to engage in treatment. Diagnosis for a treatment is difficult because it takes time to disengage the interacting effects of substance abuse and theRead MorePersuasive Essay On Drug Abuse1228 Words   |  5 PagesToday, drug abuse has become a controversial subject where various individuals have different views. Substance abuse is a substantial dilemma among people and easily spread in schools, work environments, and even in homes. Drug abuse start s in utterly reasons, but can begin in adolescence with peer pressure or friends using them, family environment that has violent, physical, or emotional abuse, and inherited genetics with mental health conditions as depression, anxiety, or ADHD (National InstituteRead MoreDID Essay1460 Words   |  6 Pagesself-mutilation is common in this group. Approximately one-third of individuals affected complain of auditory or visual hallucinations. While the causes are unknown, statistics show that DID occurs in 0.01 to 1 percent of the general population (NAMI: National Alliance on Mental Illness | NAMI: The National Alliance on Mental Illness,). DID is a serious mental illness that occurs across all ethnic groups and all income levels. It affects women nine times more than men. In addition to experiencing separateRead MoreMental Health And Substance Abuse805 Words   |  4 Pagesdiagnosis In mental health and substance abuse, we must understand which problem is first. When working with individuals who are experiencing substance abuse problems to counteract the effects of a mental illness will attempt to treat themselves, instead of seeking out proper medical care. Dual diagnosis is a term used to define the client who experiences a mental illness and a substance abuse problem at the same time (NAMI, 2015). Since dual diagnosis covers broad categories the illness may range fromRead MoreDetrimental Social Problems: Substance Abuse Essays1197 Words   |  5 PagesSubstance abuse is one of the most detrimental social problems found in all societies. It has been the leading cause for generational breakdowns of families and communities, and is probably the most controversial social problem when developing corrective solutions. Substance abuse can be defined as the chemical dependence, or pattern of usage of both legal and illegal substances, that has adverse physical, psychological, and psychomotor effects on the human body. The use of substances does not alwaysRead MoreSubstance Abuse: Crisis Intervention1352 Words   |  5 PagesSubstance abuse: Crisis intervention To the outsider, the lives of substance abusers often look like a series of crises waiting to happen. Often, the extent to which substance abuse is causing devastation in the life of the sufferer is more manifest to outsiders such as friends or relatives than the abuser him or herself. Crises relating to substance abuse may be biologically-related (such as a medical crisis brought about by abuse); legally related (a conviction for abusing an illegal drug, drug-dealingRead MoreHow Drugs Can Cause Mental Illness1242 Words   |  5 Pagesit . I will be looking up what mental problems can be causes by using drugs or if not caused brough out. If i discover that drugs can cause mental illness than i want to know what drugs in specific causes them the most. I also would like to find out what happens to an adolescent brain when they abuse drugs and alcohol, V.S. the normal brain. Also how it may affect them Physically and mentally i have heard stuff like people stop maturing when they start using drugs and i wanna find out how factualRead MorePrescription Drug Abuse And Its Effects952 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Prescription drug abuse is the use of a medication without a prescription, in a way other than as prescribed, or for the experience or feelings elicited.† Prescription Drugs are ranked number two in drugs abused (Volkow 7). The most common prescription drugs abused are opioids, central nervous system depressants, and stimulants. Opioids were meant to treat pain. CNS depressants are meant to treat sleep disorders and anxiety. Stimulants treat sleep disorders, narcolepsy and ADHD (unknown 8) WhatRead MoreMental Illness And Condition That Influences The Brain1654 Words   |  7 Pages1. Define the mental illness. Depression is a mental illness and condition that influences the brain. The mental illness affects an individual’s feelings and thoughts negatively which results in the lowering of one’s mood. 2. Describe the nature of the mental illness. Depression is a real mental condition that affects many people around the world. It affects all ages, social backgrounds and genders. There are many signs and symptoms of depression. Common symptoms of depression are sleepingRead MoreAubrey Longfield. 2/11/16. Soc 102. Chapter One: Thinking1414 Words   |  6 Pagestogether to maintain a balance. There are two main types of function: latent (unintended consequences) or manifest- intended. Social pathology refers to social problems that result from â€Å"sickness† within society. Social disorganization refers to the effects that rapid social change that disrupts norms in society. There is also the conflict perspective which believes that the world is composed of different groups that all compete for power. This idea was developed by Karl Marx. Marxist conflict theories

Essay on Parenting in Different Aspects - 1012 Words

In today’s society, school has been looked at to be a form of child day-care. In school is seen as a learning environment and parents want to their child to be exposed to driven instruction to get maximum results of a fine education. In reading I found the Chinese mothers to be superior in their child’s education and performances. Failure is not an option and anything less than their child’s best must be focused upon and perfected. With determination, strictness, and parental involvement, we find that these types of children receive the most out of their education. It is most intriguing to take a closer look at the strategies and the intellectual expectations of Chinese mothers from their children. As for Western parents their†¦show more content†¦But there are some parents who would argue that the way Chinese mothers’ parent is of some form of abuse. Because if a Western mother were to find out that another parent forced her young daughter to p ull an all-nighter of piano practice, refusing to give her water or bathroom breaks, or tried to force a 3-year-old to do better at her first piano lesson by making her stand outside in 20-degree weather until she relented, they suspect that Social Services would be knocking at the door. Also how the article says that the Chinese mother would tell their child Hey fatty lose some weight or Youre lazy â€Å" (Chua, 2011). All your classmates are getting ahead of you there would be some parents who would suggest that this is verbal abuse. Some would say that with all of this verbal abuse the child may experience psychological and social emotional difficulties, including depression, suicidal risk, and anxiety, because of the pressure that they feel they have to accomplish. Others may agree with the type of parenting, there are parent who think that this kind of parenting would be what’s best for them. The fact that they can monitor their child and not worry about them getting in any trouble, but there is always a bad side to everything. Once the child hits adolescence they are going to want to explore and if the strictness is still in effect, this can cause the child to act out, because of the fact that they would want toShow MoreRelatedThe Article Why Teenagers Act Crazy By Richard Sayre Essay1226 Words   |  5 Pagesthe average teenager’s mind works and thinks. For a very long time, there has been a mixture of questions concerning the teenage. In contrast to both children and adults, teenagers have a great degree of susceptibility to the idea that they are different and have the drive of articulating their real characters. (Friedman, 2014). However teenagers are always attempting to discover who they really are. Friedman’s a rticle just like the lecture notes on the adolescent concurs that adolescents face muchRead MoreSusan Griffin s Are You My Mother? Essay1499 Words   |  6 PagesRelationship Aspects, Parent to Child Growing up is phase in which is determined by the parenting aspect, the parent to child bond which varies greatly. Childhood is essential but determined by parenting which influences the child’s later life, everything ties back to each other. Parenting not only can generate but structure a future, a parent’s role in a child life affective, and a child is affected by the absence or presence of a parent. Emmy award winning playwright and poet, Susan Griffin believesRead MoreThe Association Between Parenting And Its Effect On Child Behavior911 Words   |  4 Pagesassociation between parenting and its effect on child behavior is made relative, we can take a look at negative parenting styles and its association with delinquency. Wilma Smeenk, and Jan Gerris have done an analysis that associated parenting with delinquency. This analysis was able to link parental monitoring, psychological control, and negative aspects of support like rejection and hostility. The demographic was divided by parent and child gender, child age, informant on parenting, and delinquencyRead MoreParenting Styles and Their Effects on Children1545 Words   |  7 Pageshave found patterns in parenting styles and their effects on children. Parenting isn’t only a collection of skills, rules, and tricks of the trade (Lloyd, Carol. 2012)†, it defines who you become, reflects your culture and represents values important in a family. Parenting style has a long term impact on a child’s development, success and outlook on life. The three styles of parenting are permissive parenting/hands-off parenting , authoritarian parenting, authoritative parenting .Studies revealed thatRead MoreInfancy and Early Childhood Development1399 Words   |  6 PagesChildhood Development Every human being begins developing in one way or another, from the moment they come into this world. Development and all its aspects begin in infancy and continue throughout one’s entire lifetime. It is a common belief that infants and young children are influenced by the environment that surrounds them. Cognitive and social aspects of development are shaped and molded at an early age, as well as language, speech, perception, and motor skills. A young child’s life is influencedRead MoreThe Effects Of Parenting Styles On The Psychological Development Of Children And Adolescents999 Words   |  4 Pagesof different parenting styles on the psychological development of children and adolescents. Today, there are four vital parenting styles in psychology: authoritative, neglectful, indulgent and authoritarian. Each style possesses its own different characteristics and each produce different psychological developments in children and adolescents. In order to understand the effects of parenting styles on a person’s psychological development, it is obligatory we consider how a particular parenting styleRead MoreConsequences to Authoritarian Parenting 868 Words   |  4 Pagesthe prospect to influence the child regularly. Parenting styles figures in as a prime part of a child’s mental health and behaviour. Parenting refers to the parent’s actions and reactions to their child, including expectations, beliefs and values. Diana Baumrind (1971, 1991), psychologist, based parenting on two aspects including control and warmth. Baumrind used the combination of these aspects in different ways to identify the four styles of parenting used today, consisted of, authoritative, authoritarianRead MorePsychology Paper Parenting Styles915 Words   |  4 PagesParenting Styles, Discipline, and Behavioral Outcomes Many psychologists throughout history have indulged in studies related to parenting behavior and how children are affected from such behavior. The work of Diana Baumrind, which is considered to be one of the most influential and well-studied theories of parenting behavior, was the first to identify three styles of parenting (Sclafani 44). These styles of parenting are called authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive. This paper will furtherRead MoreInvestigating The Relationship Between Parents On How They Deal With Child Rearing852 Words   |  4 Pagestheir child to become a well-rounded little person. Parents’ positive and negativism of excessive high standards tend to be negatively linked with indulgent parenting child rearing practices. â€Æ' Child Rearing in Infancy This research essay will focus on some of the thoughts and obstacles a parent might face in child rearing in infancy Parenting styles plays a pivotal role in the development, psychological and social cognitive growth which greatly affect a child, to adulthood. We want children to beRead MoreParenting Styles And Their Influence On Children995 Words   |  4 PagesParenting Styles Today, being a parent is obviously challenging in several different directions. Every parent has different opinions on how they believe they should parent and punish their children. Parenting styles can be described as the way in which a family is structured. There are four major parenting styles that are all used today. The four styles include authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and uninvolved parenting. Each one of these styles have their advantages and disadvantages. Even

The Biological Approach - 1351 Words

The main assumption of the biological approach is behaviour and experiences can be explained by biological changes in the body. This approach focusses on the investigation of the brain, nervous system and other biological factors such as hormones; whereas the main assumption of the cognitive approach is that information received from our senses is processed by the brain and that this processing influences how we behave or at least justifies how we behave the way we do. Cognitive processes are examples of hypothetical constructs – researchers cannot directly observe processes such as thinking but we can infer what a person is thinking based on how they act (behavioural patterns). Some key researchers in the biological approach are Maguire et. Al (2000) - Navigation-related structural changes in the hippocampi of taxi drivers, and Sperry (1968) - Hemisphere disconnection and unity in consciousness. Some key researchers in the cognitive approach are Loftus and Palmer (1974) - eye witness testimony and Baron-Cohen (1997) – Autism. There are a few similarities between the two approaches, for example the biological approach likes to use variants of laboratory experiments from quasi (natural) to experiments in highly artificial settings. This is done so that the researchers can take advantage of the naturally occurring variables or can change them easily to suit the experiment and control any extraneous or confounding variables, and can therefore easily establish cause and effect.Show MoreRelatedThe Biological And Psychoanalytical Approach1489 Words   |  6 PagesBoth the biological and psychoanalytical approach have had a long history and still stand current today. Assumptions of the biological approach to psychology view men as a biological organism; everything, from what we think to what we do, has its basis in our physical structure (Carlson, 2004). Alternatively, the psychoanalytical approach heavily focuses on the â€Å"unconscious† and the role of internal processes in shaping personality and thus behaviour (Glassman Hadad, 2004). Fathered by Freud, theRead MoreThe Biological Basis Of Personality Approach1747 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay will give a description of Personality before critically analysing the biological basis of personality approach. The biological basis approach tries to account for the mechanisms between genes and personality by looking at various different brain structures whilst the biochemical approach looks at the impact of hormones and neurotransmitters. The majority of our understanding of personality from a biological perspective focuses on the three main behavioural systems; the reward system, theRead MorePsychodynamic Vs. Biological Approach1569 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay will begin by discussing the main assumptions of the cognitive, psychodynamic and biological approach to psychology. It will look at a study that supports each approach. In addition it will look at how the studies have been influential in psychology today. Finally it wil l include some of the different branches of psychology and why these are relevant to different health professionals. Cognitive psychology is a branch of psychology which focuses on the brain and how we think, CognitiveRead MorePsychology : The Behaviourist Approach And The Biological2398 Words   |  10 Pagespsychology are the behaviourist approach and the biological (also known as physiological) approach. These perspectives consist of different theories, research methods and treatments in relation to mental illness. The behaviourist approach believes that people, as well as animals, are controlled by their surrounding environment which has a direct impact upon their behaviour and whether they would suffer from mental illness (McLeod, S. 2007). Whereas the biological approach views genes, chromosomes andRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : The Biological Approach962 Words   |  4 Pagestheories such as the biological approach, and psychoanalysis have helped to show us how are genetics predetermine our behavior. Researchers have found multiple facts that support each side and for years no one has been able to decide which one influences us over the other one. I believe that our nature has a greater impact on us then our nurture especially when it comes to criminal actions. The biological approach states that â€Å"all thoughts, feeling behavior ultimately have a biological cause† (SimplyRead MoreThe Biological Approach : Mental Processes And Behaviors1356 Words   |  6 PagesThe biological approach examines mental processes and behaviors by focusing on genetics and physiology. Psychologists who use the biological approach believe that mental processes and behaviors are caused and explained by activity between the nervous system and the brain. The biological approach is very scientific; therefore, psychologists can perform consistent, measureable experiments to examine how our genes, neuronal activity, and neurotransmitters interact with our environment and how they influenceRead MoreBiological vs Humanistic Approach to Personality1540 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: BIOLOGICAL VS HUMANISTIC APPROACH TO PERSONALITY Biological vs. Humanistic Approach to Personality Lawrence Sawyer University of Phoenix Biological vs. Humanistic Approach to Personality As several styles are used to define the personality, two are often used to subsidize another approach. Both biological and humanistic approaches are typically used as under tones. Evolutionary/genetic perspectives do not generally account for the biological mechanisms between genes and personalityRead MoreBiological, Psychodynamic, Behavioral and Cognitive Approach to Psychology948 Words   |  4 Pagespsychologists. A psychologist may approach this story with a view inside of the perpetrators mind. Was he biologically, psychodynamicly, behaviorally or cognitively provoked to do such a thing? What would make someone do something horrible and violent like that? Each of the psychologists views provide different aspects and alternate explanations for why this offenders actions occurred, sometimes even explanations to the point of understanding the mind of a criminal. A biological psychologist specificallyRead MoreDiscuss the Biological Approach in Psychology Essay example1796 Words   |  8 PagesDiscuss the biological approach in psychology. Refer to at least one other approach in your answer. (12 marks) The biological approach focuses on both the physiological and evolutionary aspects which explain human behaviour. The causal level of analysis incorporates physiological explanations, such as the effect of nerves and hormones on behaviour. According to biological psychologists, behaviour is controlled by the nervous system, which consists of the central nervous system (the brain and theRead MoreBiological Psychology : The Brain And Nervous System Essay888 Words   |  4 Pages1. Biological psychology, of biopsychology, is the application of the principles of biology to the study of mental processes in terms of bodily mechanisms. The view that psychological processes have biological (or physiological) correlates, is the basic assumption of the whole field of biological psychology. Biological psychology is a hopeful domain, one that has much to offer in terms of improving the quality of life of the healthy as well as those suffering from disorders. It also contributed important

Nike Cost Of Capital - 1791 Words

Graduate School of Business Administration University Version 2.0 of Virginia UVA-F-1353 Version 2.0 Nike, Inc.: Cost of Capital On July 5, 2001, Kimi Ford, a portfolio manager at NorthPoint Group, a mutual fund management firm, pored over analyst write-ups of Nike, Inc., the athletic shoe manufacturer. Nike’s share price had declined significantly from the start of the year. Kimi was considering buying some shares for the fund she managed, the NorthPoint Large-Cap Fund, which invested mostly in Fortune 500 companies with an emphasis on value investing. Its top holdings included ExxonMobil, General Motors, McDonald’s, 3M and other large-cap, generally old-economy stocks. While the stock market declined over the last 18 months, NorthPoint†¦show more content†¦Since she was about to go into a meeting, she requested her new assistant, Joanna Cohen, to estimate Nike’s cost of capital. Joanna immediately gathered all the data she thought she might need (Exhibits 1 through 4) and set out to work on her analysis. At the end of the day, she submitted her cost of capital estimate and a memo (Exhibit 5) explaining her assumptions to Ms. Ford. -3- UVA-F-1353 Exhibit 1 Nike, Inc.: Cost of Capital Consolidated Income Statements Year Ended May 31 (In millions except per share data) 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Revenues Cost of goods sold Gross profit Selling and administrative Operating income Interest expense Other expense, net Restructuring charge, net Income before income taxes Income taxes Net income 4,760.8 2,865.3 1,895.6 1,209.8 685.8 24.2 11.7 649.9 250.2 399.7 6,470.6 3,906.7 2,563.9 1,588.6 975.3 39.5 36.7 899.1 345.9 553.2 9,186.5 5,503.0 3,683.5 2,303.7 1,379.8 52.3 32.3 1,295.2 499.4 795.8 9,553.1 6,065.5 3,487.6 2,623.8 863.8 60.0 20.9 129.9 653.0 253.4 399.6 8,776.9 5,493.5 3,283.4 2,426.6 856.8 44.1 21.5 45.1 746.1 294.7 451.4 8,995.1 5,403.8 3,591.3 2,606.4 984.9 45.0 23.2 (2.5) 919.2 340.1 579.1 9,488.8 5,784.9 3,703.9 2,689.7 1,014.2 58.7 34.1 921.4 331.7 589.7 1.36 294.0 1.88 293.6 2.68 297.0 1.35 296.0 1.57 287.5 Growth (%) Revenue Operating income Net income 35.9 42.2 38.4 42.0 41.5Show MoreRelatedNike Cost of Capital711 Words   |  3 PagesNIKE, INC. COST OF CAPITAL Context: Estimating Cost of Equity with different methods. Compute WACC Nike’s current price per share= $ 42.09 Question: Is it undervalued or overvalued to make buy /sell decision? Forecasts for Cash flows, Dividend growth, EPS estimates for NIKE are given. Interest rate #’s, Betas, Book values on debt and equity are given. Also historical performance #s are given. At 12% WACC Nike is overvalued and hence sell decision; At 11.17% correct valuation; WACCRead Morenike cost of capital1980 Words   |  8 PagesUV0010 NIKE, INC.: COST OF CAPITAL On July 5, 2001, Kimi Ford, a portfolio manager at NorthPoint Group, a mutual-fund management firm, pored over analysts’ write-ups of Nike, Inc., the athletic-shoe manufacturer. Nike’s share price had declined significantly from the beginning of the year. Ford was considering buying some shares for the fund she managed, the NorthPoint Large-Cap Fund, which invested mostly in Fortune 500 companies, with an emphasis on value investing. Its top holdings included ExxonMobilRead MoreNike Inc. - Cost of Capital1368 Words   |  6 Pagesit so important to estimate a firms cost of capital? The WACC (weighted average cost of capital) is a percentage figure resulting from a calculation method by which the adequate cost of capital of a firm is expressed. It considers the composition of a company’s funding, be it debt or equity. A corporation whose source of funding is equity by 100 percent will have a WACC equal to the cost of equity. By contrast, a levered company will have to reflect the cost of debt as well. The WACC takes theirRead MoreNike Cost of Capital Case2415 Words   |  10 Pagesmanagement firm. In July 2001, Ford considered buying shares of Nike, Inc., the well-known athletic shoe manufacturer. It would be prudent of Ford to base her assessment on Nike’s financial reports for 2001. Around the same time, Nike held an analysts’ meeting to disclose those financial results. They also addressed ways to revitalize the company, since share price was beginning to decline and revenues had plateaued at around $9 billion. Although Nike projected a rosy future, many analysts had mixed reactionsRead MoreNike Inc Cost of Capital2974 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction Kimi Ford is a portfolio manager at NorthPoint Group, a mutual-fund management firm. She is evaluating Nike, Inc. (â€Å"Nike†) to potentially buy shares of their stock for the fund she manages, the NorthPoint Large-Cap Fund. This fund mostly invests in Fortune 500 companies, with an emphasis on value investing. This Fund has performed well over the last 18 months despite the decline in the stock market. Ford has done a significant amount of research through analysts’ reportsRead MoreEssay on Nike Cost of Capital Case1615 Words   |  7 PagesNIKE, INC.: COST OF CAPITAL On July 5, 2001, Kimi Ford, a portfolio manager at NorthPoint Group, a mutual-fund management firm, pored over analysts write-ups of Nike, Inc., the athletic-shoe manufacturer. Nikes share price had declined significantly from the beginning of the year. Ford was considering buying some shares for the fund she managed, the NorthPoint Large-Cap Fund, which invested mostly in Fortune 500 companies, with an emphasis on value investing. Its top holdings Read MoreEssay about Cost of Capital Nike974 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Case Analysis of Nike, Inc.: Cost of Capital Apparently, the issue of Nike’s case is to control and check the calculation cost of capital done by Joanna Cohen who is the assistant of a portfolio manager at NorthPoint Group. But I am willing to tell you that it can be a complex case in which we can doubt about sensitivity analysis done by Kimi Ford (portfolio manager) because her assumptions such as Revenue Growth Rate, COGS / Sales,  S A / Sales, Current Assets / Sales, and Current LiabilityRead MoreCase 14 Nike: Cost of Capital Essay1143 Words   |  5 PagesNike, Inc.: Cost of Capital Case 14 A Case Brief Submitted to Submitted by In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Date Submitted September 28, 2011 Summary This case highlights Kimi Ford, a portfolio manager with NorthPoint Group, a mutual-fund management firm. She managed the NorthPoint Large-Cap Fund, and in July of 2001, was looking at the possibility of taking a position in Nike for her fund. Nike stock had declined significantly over the previous year, and it appearedRead MoreNike Inc Cost of Capital Case Study917 Words   |  4 PagesNike Inc. Case Number 2 Nike Incorporated’s cost of capital is a vital element when addressing opportunities regarding top-line growth and operating performance. Weighted Average Costs of Capital (WACC) is an essential estimation that is needed in order to determine the amount of interest that will be paid for each additional dollar financed. This translates to be the minimum overall required rate of return that the firm will keep. We disagree with Johanna Cohen’s assessment of Nike due to twoRead MoreCase Analysis of Nike, Inc.: Cost of Capital731 Words   |  3 PagesApparently, the issue of Nike’s case is to control and check the calculation cost of capital done by Joanna Cohen who is the assistant of a portfolio manager at NorthPoint Group. But I am willing to tell you that it can be a complex case in which we can doubt about sensitivity analysis done by Kimi Ford (portfolio manager) too. Because her assumptions such as Revenue Growth Rate, COGS / Sales, S A / Sales, Current Assets / Sales, and Current Liability / Sales have been adopted from previous income

Law Burning of Coal Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Environmental Law Burning of Coal. Answer: Litigation of climate change: Buller Coal Ongoing debate is going on the legitimacy of climate change litigation in Newzealand. Consent applications are made by Buller Coal under Resource Management Act (1991) RMA. For the coal mine, development in open cast of Dennis ton Plateau in the Buller District of South Island is needed. In this case the issue arise on climate change which effect on the burning of coal overseas. This issue was litigated by West Coast ENT, Environmental NGOs, Bird Protection Society and Royal Forest utilizes the submission of notified application. For resolving the question of Resource Management Energy and Climate Change Amendment Act 2004 has been organized for outlawing the mitigation. When Supreme Court focussed on the contact of the background of Newzealand international obligations are found with UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. The RMA act was amended in 204 to put forward the case of West Coast ENT[1]. Under the Kyoto Protocol obligation has been reduced by the court of Newzealand on the greenhouse emission about 5% from the commitment period obligations are met with Climate Change Response Act 2002 which comply the obligations of the act of Newzealand. Burning coal has generally affected the West Coast of Newzealand. Under section 104 (1) (a) of RMA persuasion is done on the argument that for restricting discretionary activity of burning coals sections 3 of RMA of Climate Change Response Act 2002 is the counter argument which is needed to be established with Greenhouse Gas emission and National mechanism. In the background to the statutory context, RMA is amended on the regional councils which fall under territorial authorities regarding the change of climate with the governing authorities. According to section 3 of Amendment Act 2004, amendment is inserted on the greenhouse effect. Literal approach is done on the Amendment Act where argument is done on the climate change. The concurrent applications are based on the intention of the concurrent resources through which national regulation is maintained. The argument comes on the case of the resource through which inconsistencies are fulfilled[2]. There are certain resources of climate change. Under section 6B of Environmental law, it is necessary that while the argument is done on the litigation, at that time the issues are needed to be discussed. The main issue of the climate problem is the effect of the coal which rises up in the air which creates problems in climate. It is needed that regional plan should be made to control ancillary coal mining activities which helps to change the climatic condition. According to 68 (3) of RMA the adaptation of ultra viruses can be reduced wit different objectives. The objectives are based on the regional councillor plan of national level. The district plan is built with the power action which helps in changing the application of Newzealand which is consent. Supreme Court has taken pragmatic approach on the RMA Amendment Act 2004 where approach about the litigation of climatic change is discussed. As per Climate Change response Act 2002 emissions on the trading scheme of Newzealand works under environmental court where efficacies are described in an effective way. In the Buller Coal decision the jurisdictions of Newzealand positions on the contrast positions where for and against statements can be depicted. For the ministry of the environment certain territorial aspects are needed to be observed through which development can be progressed[3]. The National Policy Statement with multifarious aspects work for the approaches which is the affect on the landscape. Reducing the obliged duty of the court of Newzealand works with the Climate Change response. The emission works with the view of the court gives notification about the expiry period with guidance. The court works with the description of industrial activities. Generally industrial activities are the main reason of change in industrial activities[4]. There are some general cases where it is observed that trading scheme works with the coal mining steps in Newzealand. Trading scheme works with the industrial activities which is the reason of several consequences and problems which are involved for the adverse affect of the weather in Newzealand. Kyoto protocol is the pan through which industrial activities carry forward in different ways. West Coast is affected by several problems which is the reason that problems affected the climate of Newzealand. There are relevant RMA Provisions which preclude the works of regional councils. The environment is also negatively affected by disturbing water pollution and river beds which is the reason that several problems affect the environment. Air pollution, soil pollution and water pollution are the main reason that the environment is full of pollution. The application of open cast coal mine works with the fact of the greenhouse gas affect which is the reason that pollution has been spread in the country. According to section 104(1) (a) of Resource Management Act 1991 it has been found that greenhouse gas affects in the change of the climate. In the statement it has been mentioned that under section 310 of Resource Management Act in the Environmental Court it has been found that several consequences are stated on the effect of the climatic change[5]. Litigation has been found on the climate change through which the dimensions are mentioned. Basically the problems arise because of change in environment which is the reason of several illnesses. It is necessary that objective studies should be done on the climatic change. As per the climatic change influence, it has been observed that pollution is the main reason that problems are spread throughout the world. In this case the subject can be taken to the high court through which different subjective analysis have to work on the analysis of the work with the subjective basis. It is necessary that several technologies and styles are needed to be adopted trough which the change can be organized with the development structure through which different aspects can be gathered. This is necessary that several structures are needed to be processed which helps in carrying forward the functions of the organizational factor. As per section 104 of RMA consent is applied on the change through which the subject is needed to be done on regardless subject. Intensity and scales are needed to be formed with potential effect which helps in carrying forward the probability of the environmental issues. Nowadays several high potential impact are needed to be found through which consideration should be done on the basis of the management which helps in stimulating the subjective approach of the work. In the Amendment Act climatic change conditions are needed to be stated through which different structures are needed to be provided through which standard concept of the work is carried. In West Coast Regional Council, Buller Coal Ltd works ob the western council where the remote positions of the works are applied. As per section 9, section 13, section 14 of Resource management Act where the consents are applied with the limited services. It is restricted in the areas that several dimensional aspects are found which helps in restructuring the steps of the organization. Bulk of pressure occurs in the structure of the environment. It is necessary that different subjective approaches should be studied which helps in carrying forward the structure and concept of the environment[6]. Environment is a huge problem which is related to the health of individual. It is needed that several subjects of the reason of pollution should be stopped which helps in carrying forward the problems of the organization in a descriptive structure. There are different consequences which are related to the subjects of the organization which helps in carrying forward the structural value of the organization. It is needed that conditions should be forwarded which helps in contaminating the cases of the environmental rules. According to section 6 A of Constructive climate Change Act, the dimensions are needed to be justified through which changes are needed to be brought in a formulated structure and facts which has several conditions[7]. RMA discusses that different structural changes in the climate should be subdued which helps in carrying forward the work of the organization in a major approach. On the reference of Buller Coal case, it is found that different structures are needed to be identified which helps in carrying forward the condition of the organization in the authorative and ruling directions. There are subjective approaches and analysis which helps in carrying forward the criteria of the climate in Newzealand. The structure is balanced in a subjective and authorative study which approaches with the structurization of the organization. This type of cultures is adopted in a discriminative way which has conditions of modifying the culture of the country. It is necessary that different objects are needed to be understood. If argument is done then several structures are understood which helps in carrying the structure of the organization. It is necessary that several structures are needed to be mentioned which are coordinated with definite environmental progress. For changing the conditions of the environment, it is necessary that pollution should be controlled. If it is not controlled then project analysis of the subjects are described. Resource Management Energy and Climate Change Amendment Act 2004 works with the balancing structure of the environment which is the reason that analysis with the structural plan[8]. Under section 5 there are regulation that archaeological structure of the organization is balanced. Fauna and flora of the nature is needed to be kept safe. It is necessary that structural roles of the environmental problems should be solved by paying heed on the environmental problems. There are rules that air pollution, soil pollution and water pollution should be controlled which can be the way through which cultural applications are needed to be managed whenever necessary. These are the structural conditions which are needed to be measured by the environmental laws rule and regulations. These regulations help in carrying forward the structure of the country. If a place can be made pollution free then this kinds of structures are needed to be applied which helps in enhancing balance and structure through which weather conditions can be balanced. The territorial plan of Resource Management Act is needed to be formulated which helps in carrying the structures of the environmental policy. The relevance of the structural project works on the basis of the analysis. All the conditions are needed to be supported by the environment. This type of combinations is needed to be progressed. When the environment concept is used in for, them it has been identified that because of several concepts and structures the collaboration approaches are needed to be redeemed[9]. Climate Change Response Act 2002 which comply the obligations of the act of Newzealand. Burning coal has generally affected the West Coast of Newzealand. Under section 104 (1) (a) of RMA persuasion is done on the argument. There are structural conditions which are needed to be structured with the analysis and the cultural aspects through which different culminations. It is necessary that several aspects of the constituency are needed to be formulated through which it can be justified that to remove pollution the environment is needed to be kept which helps in working with subdued study on the environmental analysis[10]. This type of arguments proves that general concept oflaw is identified in an equilibrium which is referenced with the structures of the concept and determinants of the legal concepts and its consequences based on environment. Bibliography Adkins, Randall E,The Evolution Of Political Parties, Campaigns, And Elections(CQ Press, 1st ed, 2008) Bell, Stuart, Donald McGillivray and Ole W Pedersen,EnvironmentalLaw (Oxford University Press, 1st ed, 2013) Chynoweth, Paul and Julie Adshead,EnvironmentalLaw (Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 1st ed, 2014) Grad, Frank P and Joel A Mintz,Environmental Law(LEXIS Pub., 1st ed, 2000) Kidd, Michael,Environmental Law(Juta, 1st ed, 2011) Nuttall, P and James E Ritchie,Maaori Participation In The Resource Management Act(Tainuis Maaori Trust Board and Centre for Maaori Studies and Research, University of Waikato, 1st ed, 2010) Price, Karen and Laura Cooper,Emissions Trading Scheme(New Zealand Law Society, Family Law Section and Property Law Section, 1st ed, 2011) Schneider, Hannes and Martin H Heidenhain,The German Stock Corporation Act(C.H. Beck, 1st ed, 2000) Stone, Raymond J,Human Resource Management(John Wiley, 1st ed, 2011) Von Dadelszen, Mark and Jo Appleyard,Resource Management(New Zealand Law Society, 1st ed, 2007) Stuart Bell, Donald McGillivray and Ole W Pedersen,Environmental Law(Oxford University Press, 1st ed, 2013). Paul Chynoweth and Julie Adshead,Environmental Law(Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 1st ed, 2014). P Nuttall and James E Ritchie,Maaori Participation In The Resource Management Act(Tainuis Maaori Trust Board and Centre for Maaori Studies and Research, University of Waikato, 1st ed, 2010). Frank P Grad and Joel A Mintz,Environmental Law(LEXIS Pub., 1st ed, 2000). Mark Von Dadelszen and Jo Appleyard,Resource Management(New Zealand Law Society, 1st ed, 2007). Michael Kidd,Environmental Law(Juta, 1st ed, 2011). Hannes Schneider and Martin H Heidenhain,The German Stock Corporation Act(C.H. Beck, 1st ed, 2000). Randall E Adkins,The Evolution Of Political Parties, Campaigns, And Elections(CQ Press, 1st ed, 2008). Raymond J Stone,Human Resource Management(John Wiley, 1st ed, 2011). Karen Price and Laura Cooper,Emissions Trading Scheme(New Zealand Law Society, Family Law Section and Property Law Section, 1st ed, 2011).

Environmental Impact of Soil and Sand Mining

Question: Discuss about the Environmental Impact of Soil and Sand Mining. Answer: Introduction: Mining can have various impacts on environment. The impact of mining would include sinkholes formation, soil erosion, soil contamination, and bio diversity depletion. The excessive mining can also have indirect impact on the health of population leaving in the area. It is observed that excessive mining have more negative impacts than positive (McCarthy, 2011). Therefore, it is important that the government and the organizations should not focus on excessive mining. Typically, mining is done in the forest areas so that the negative impact on human civilization could be minimized. The specific ways mining can impact on the environment can be discussed as: Soil Erosion: Probably the most widespread negative impact of mining on environment is soil erosion. Technically defined, soil erosion refers to the depletion of top surface of the soil. The soil erosion happens through excessive rains, floods, or landslides. The excessive mining makes the lower surface of the soil week and as a result the chances of soil erosion increases in the top layer. The problem with excessive mining is that it acts as a catalyst in the soil erosion process. The excessive use of mining shifts soil erosion from its natural course of action. With the excessive mining there is an increased chances of soil erosion (Saviour, 2012). The soil erosion is the major reason for number of other related issues like groundwater depletion, water contamination etc. Therefor, it is important that the responsible authorities should have a system of check and balances to create a check on soil erosion. Methods to lessen the impact of soil erosion: The negative impact of mining on soil erosion could be lessened with systematic plan of mining. The impact could be reduced if organizations take steps to put the soil back (Magwai, 2013). It is important that the top layer of the soli should be filled with new soil so that the middle layer does not deplete. Bio-Diversity depletion: With the increased focus on data mining, there is an increased chance of bio diversity depletion. It is observed that bio diversity is high in the areas where human intervention is limited (Magwai, 2013). With mining, human intervention increases in the region and as a result bio diversity depletion is observed. This is the reason that bio diversity of various forests faces a threat. The animals are not confortable when humans increase their intervention. There are various ways to ensure a region with rich bio diversity. The richness in the flora and fauna would be beneficial in number of ways (Pollock, 2010). It would not only have positive impact on the environment but it would also have positive impact on human beings. Methods to lessen the impact of bio diversity depletion: There are various methods that could be practiced in short-term and long-term to lessen the impact of bio diversity. It is important that the institutions and the organizations should focus on both flora and fauna (Song, 2010). The organizations and the government should plant more trees in the region. In turn, the trees would attract more birds and animals in the region. Sinkholes formation: Technically defined, sinkhole is a depression or hole in the ground caused by some form of collapse of the surface layer. The formation of sinkholes is common in the areas where excessive mining is observed (Pollock, 2010). The excessive meaning would actually make the below layers weak and as a result the below layers can observed a shift resulting in the formation of sinkholes. It is reported that the formation of sinkholes could be avoided by keeping a check on mining in the area. The mining can happen in the areas; however the institutions should avoid the excessive mining. Methods to lessen the impact of sinkholes formation: The formation of sinkholes could be avoided if the spread of soil is even in the area. It can be done when the mining is evenly distributed. It is important that organizations should not focus on mining in any single particular region. On the contrary, organizations should have even mining in the region (Pollock, 2010). Groundwater depletion: It can be said that groundwater is the main source of resource (water) across the world. The excessive use of mining is the main culprit behind groundwater depletion. It is observed that the groundwater levels are good in the area where bio diversity is rich. However, the geographic regions where bio diversity is not rich, the groundwater are a scare resource (Magwai, 2013). Therefore, it is important that high level of bio diversity should be maintained across the regions where mining happens. The high level of bio diversity attracts more rainfall in the region and this increases the level of groundwater in the region. Methods to lessen the impact of groundwater depletion: There are various direct and indirect measures to lessen the impact of groundwater depletion. This impact could be lessened if the mining region can attract rains (Magwai, 2013). It can be done if there are more plants in the region. Therefore, it is important that organizations, governments and society should focus to plan more and more trees in the areas where mining activity is high. Discuss how Acid Mine Drainage is formed, what impact it has on the environment and methods that can be used to lessen its impact. At metal mines, the target ore (like silver, gold, copper, etc.) is often rich in sulfide minerals. When the mining process exposes the sulfides to water and air, together they react to form sulfuric acid (Petrilakova, 2011). This acid can dissolve other harmful metals and metalloids (like arsenic) from the surrounding rock. It is believed that large-scale earth disturbances like mining can cause acid rock drainage. The acid rock drainage is also common in the areas where uninterrupted construction happens. It can be said that excessive mining is a platform for acid mine drainage. Mining is definitely an important reason of acid rock drainage. However, there could be other reasons also. In fact, there could be both natural and unnatural means of acid drainage. The landslides and disruption of soil is the natural reason of acid drainage (Strosnider, 2010). The excessive mining and too much construction is the unnatural means of acid drainage. It is important that the institutions shou ld have the means to manage both natural and man-made reasons. The occurrence of acid mine drainage could also be explained with the phenomenon of mining under the surface. Sub-surface mining often progresses below the water table, so water must be constantly pumped out of the mine in order to prevent flooding. When a mine is abandoned, the pumping ceases, and water floods the mine. This introduction of water is the initial step in most acid rock drainage situations (Hogsden, 2011). Some other sources of acid min drainage would include the rock dumps of mine waste, coal spoils, and tailing ponds and piles. The source of acid drainage could be small or big. However, it is important that people should not ignore the small sources of acid drainage. There is always a possibility that small sources would lead to bigger sources in future. Moreover, the quality or the intensity of acid also differs across different sources. It is possible that a small source of acid produces the acid of high intensity. It is believed that Acid Mine drainage has a negative impact on environment. There are various reasons for acid formation in the mining process. It is important that the organization should have the plan to dump the acid in the regulated areas (Myburgh, 2010). The acid can be harmful for various plants and animals. It is believed that acid can disrupt the bio diversity in the region. With the increased focus on data mining, there is an increased chance of unwanted acid formation. This in turn increases the bio diversity depletion. It is observed that bio diversity is high in the areas where human intervention is limited. With mining, human intervention increases in the region and as a result bio diversity depletion is observed. The acid formation can have negative impact on the plants population in the region. It is believed that the formation of acid can restrict the growth of plants and trees (Zhang, 2012). The adverse effect of acid formation could also be the death of trees. The excess acids near the plants could be fatal for trees. Moreover, if the plants get across the acids then there are chances that the trees would not have fruits. Therefore, it can be said that Acid Mine drainage is harmful for plants and trees. They impact of acid mine drainage could be lessened if the drivers of acid mine drainage could be controlled (Hallberg, 2010). It may not be possible to manage the natural sources of acid mine drainage. However, the efforts should be made to manage the unnatural sources of acid mine drainage. The impact could be lessened if the mining happens in a controlled environment. For example, there should be a considerable difference between two consecutive mines. The existence of two mines near to each other increases the chances of acid mine drainage. Another means to lessened the impact of acid mine drainage is to control the formation of acid. It can be done with the establishment of dumping ground or dumping area for acid. It would be correct to say that it is not easy to dump the acids (Kuang, 2013). However, there are tools and techniques that could be used to dump the acid in a controlled environment. It is important to mention that the small amount of acid can be dumped easily. Howev er, it would not be possible to dump the excessive amount of acid. The environmentalists believe that there is an urgent need to optimize the mining activities so that the acid min drainage could be avoided. This is the reason that the role of environmentalists has increased in the last decade. References Balintova, M. and Petrilakova, A., 2011. Study of pH influence on selective precipitation of heavy metals from acid mine drainage.Chem Eng Trans,25, pp.345-350. Hallberg, K.B., 2010. New perspectives in acid mine drainage microbiology. Hydrometallurgy,104(3), pp.448-453. Hogsden, K.L. and Harding, J.S., 2011. Consequences of acid mine drainage for the structure and function of benthic stream communities: a review.Freshwater Science,31(1), pp.108-120. Kuang, J.L., Huang, L.N., Chen, L.X., Hua, Z.S., Li, S.J., Hu, M., Li, J.T. and Shu, W.S., 2013. Contemporary environmental variation determines microbial diversity patterns in acid mine drainage.The ISME journal,7(5), pp.1038-1050. Lei, L.Q., Song, C.A., Xie, X.L., Li, Y.H. and Fei, W.A.N.G., 2010. Acid mine drainage and heavy metal contamination in groundwater of metal sulfide mine at arid territory (BS mine, Western Australia).Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,20(8), pp.1488-1493. Magwai, M.K. and Claassen, J.O., 2013. Near-Gravity material experience at Leeuwpan coal mine. InSACPS Bi-annual Conference, Secunda https://à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ s3.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ amazonaws.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ com/à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ zanran_à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ storage/à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ www.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ sacoalprep.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ co.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ za/à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ ContentPages/à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ 2501426370.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ pdf. McCarthy, T.S., 2011. The impact of acid mine drainage in South Africa.South African Journal of Science,107(5-6), pp.01-07. Oberholster, P.J., Myburgh, J.G., Ashton, P.J. and Botha, A.M., 2010. Responses of phytoplankton upon exposure to a mixture of acid mine drainage and high levels of nutrient pollution in Lake Loskop, South Africa.Ecotoxicology and environmental safety,73(3), pp.326-335. Pollock, D.E., Potts, J.D. and Joy, G.J., 2010. Investigation into dust exposures and mining practices in mines in the southern Appalachian Region.Mining engineering,62(2), pp.44-49. Saviour, M.N., 2012. Environmental impact of soil and sand mining: a review.International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology,1(3), pp.125-134. Strosnider, W.H. and Nairn, R.W., 2010. Effective passive treatment of high-strength acid mine drainage and raw municipal wastewater in Potos, Bolivia using simple mutual incubations and limestone.Journal of Geochemical Exploration,105(1), pp.34-42. Zhang, X., Yang, L., Li, Y., Li, H., Wang, W. and Ye, B., 2012. Impacts of lead/zinc mining and smelting on the environment and human health in China.Environmental monitoring and assessment,184(4), pp.2261-2273.

Sample Descriptive Essay About My Room

Sample Descriptive Essay About My RoomIf you are interested in writing a sample descriptive essay about my room, then read on. To get you started in writing, here are some tips on how to write about your own room.First of all, tell me about the room. Although this is not a word that you want to use in a sample descriptive essay about my room, you can try this tactic. Try to be descriptive enough that you will be able to picture what the room looks like when you are inside it.Describe the room in a way that is simple to understand. It would be best if you could write down in your hand in such a way that you can easily do it. If you are comfortable enough with writing in general, that will be fine as well. However, if you are not, try to write down whatever description you can in the easiest possible way.Next, figure out the different colors that are found in the room. You can start with yellow and work from there. The more colors you can give to the description, the better.Be descript ive and easy to understand. It would be better if you could write about the color red into a hat, for example. Just remember that people are not going to read this.You might also be surprised to know that people often mistake your room for someone else's room. They usually do this because of the sound of the room, or the light in the room.Have a creative mind. You could use pictures of your room, or you could try writing about the things that you see in your room at night.These are just a few tips on how to write a sample descriptive essay about my room. Remember that you want to start by telling the reader something about your room.

Coley’s Toxins Essay Example

Coley’s Toxins Essay Coley’s Toxins Name: Course: Date: We will write a custom essay sample on Coley’s Toxins specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Coley’s Toxins specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Coley’s Toxins specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Coley’s Toxins Coley’s Toxins are the invention of William B. Coley, a bone surgeon at a cancer hospital in New York, who developed a vaccine that he used in cancer treatment after he witnessed a patient of his succumb to sarcoma. The development of the vaccine, Coley’s Toxins, is well mapped out as well as its effectiveness in treating some of the cases that Coley and others handled (Nauts, 1953). The effectiveness of his treatments was critiqued by his peers. The advancement of other methods of cancer treatment like radiotherapy and subsequently chemotherapy continued to undermine the relevance of Coley’s Toxins. The outcome of Coley’s life work is the motivation it inspired to further research in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Born in 1862, William B. Coley attended college at Yale before being admitted into Harvard Medical School in 1888. He was drawn into cancer treatment by a patient that was referred to him, Bessie Dashiell, who was suffering from bone cancer and eventually succumbed to it despite radical surgery. He trudged through hospital records trying to find cases that had different outcomes to his patient’s case and came across a case study of a patient Fred Stein. This German immigrant’s tumor disappeared after the fever from an erysipelas infection caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pyrogens. His interest sparked, Coley found this patient and verified that his cancer had gone into remission. Coley knew that anecdotal theories that connected tumor remission with concurrent bacterial infections existed in antiquity. The renowned Egyptian physician Imhotep recommended the treatment of tumors (swellings) as the application of a cataplasm followed by an incision (Ebbell, 1937). Diedier reported in 1725 that patients suffering from syphilis developed few tumors, if any (Diedier, 1725). Sir James also mentioned the same (Hobohm, 2001). Coley did further research and stumbled into other medical pioneers such as Koch and Pastuer, who had made similar observations. He was convinced of this line of thought and decided to act on it. In 1891, Coley made the courageous move to infect his patients intentionally with live Streptococcus pyrogens bacteria. The first patient to receive this treatment had throat cancer, and the erysipelas infection improved his condition. His findings related to similar ones made by a German physician W. Busch (Busch, 1867). The patient lived for additional eight and a half years without any further recurrence of metastases. Bolstered by his outcome, Coley continued to infect a further nine of his patients with erysipelas. He noted that the results were either an active immune response to the infection or a fatality due to the infection. History is replete with examples of spontaneous regression of tumors after fever inducing infections. One such example is Peregrine Laziosi (1265-1345), the canon saint of cancer patients. He has a tumor on his tibia that was diagnosed malignant by the best physicians of his time (Pack, 1967). Just before his leg was amputated, the only option available to him, the lesion grew and broke through his skin becoming severely infected. This infection coincided with the spontaneous regression of the cancerous tumor. Such cases reported in literature (Coley, 1893) served to bolster Coley’s research and strengthened his belief in the methods he used, coupled with own findings (Coley, 1906). Coley’s assessment of the responses was that the live Streptococcus bacteria produced erysipelas but, unfortunately, not on all the patients given the treatment. In some, the administration of the bacteria gave no response due to the patient forming immunity to the bacteria. In other instances, the patient would succumb to the bacterial infection because of his or her own immune system inadequacies (Coley, 1896). His second attempt involved the use of heat sterilized Steptococcus bacteria. The reason is that Coley needed to find a way to control the virulence of the bacteria Streptococcus pyrogens while still maintaining its purpose which was to produce a fever inducing infection but it did not provide the expected results. He combined the use of the sterilized streptococcal bacteria with a second organism, Serratia marcescens, and this concoction is known as Coley’s Toxins. This proved successful in cancer treatment and documented the cases he had treated using this approach (Coley, 1914). Coley injected his preparation directly into the tumor or in the surrounding area in several doses. These treatment courses would last even for weeks but the outcome was positive. For years to come, physicians used Coley’s Toxins to treat inoperable cases with high success rates. A compiled review to these cases was published by Coley’s daughter, Helen Coley Nauts, where 896 cases were documented (Nauts, 1982). In spite of Coley’s success rates and high profile as a bone surgeon, he came under great criticism due to various inconsistencies. These included, poorly-documented follow up that was also not well control casting doubts on the supposed success of these treatments; the number of different preparations of Coley’s Toxins and their associated efficiencies; the mode of administration varied from intravenous injections to injections directly in the tumor (McCarthy, 2006). This meant that not every doctor got the same results as Coley did. The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) issued a stern review of Coley’s Toxins. It held the view that the toxin was a complete failure as a remedy for sarcomas and carcinomas based on the toxins’ failure to produce satisfactory results when used by various oncologists. It disputed Coley’s reported findings ignoring the reports submitted by other physicians using the same regimen on their patients and showing favorable results (JAMA, 1894). Cancer treatment was not a clearly understood process in the turn of the century, and naturally, some practitioners favored certain modes of treatment to others. Coley’s Toxins were not one of the better-understood treatments available. Furthermore, advances made in radiation therapy provided a better alternative since it was a more predictable regimen. The mode of action of Coley’s Toxins was not, and still is not well understood. This served to marginalize Coley’s Toxins even further despite the fact that some doctors were able to report the successful use of this regimen. Coley’s Toxins faced further resistance after the establishment of the Bone Sarcoma Registry whose role was to standardize bone cancer therapeutics (McCarthy, 1995). It proved difficult to have some of Coley’s cases accepted by the registry because members of the registry believed that the toxins did not work or claimed that some of the successful cases were misdiagnosed. His work slowly fell out of favor, and the Park Davis Company halted production of Coley’s Toxins. By 1962, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration had accredited Coley’s Toxins as a â€Å"new drug† meaning it could no longer be used in cancer treatment (Hoption, 2003). Although Coley’s ideas were no longer acceptable by most doctors to treat cancer, he continued to believe in his methods until the end of his career. Some doctors were willing to welcome the notion that the toxins may be beneficial after all. In fact, in 1934, JAMA changed its position and acceded that Coley’s Toxins might be valuable. It praised the ingenuity of the combined erysipelas and prodigious toxins (Coley’s Toxins) and retained them in New and Unofficial Remedies with an aim of promoting more research on the toxins (JAMA, 1934). Additional acceptance of Coley’s research and treatment methods was brought about by his own children. Bradley Coley, an orthopaedic surgeon, succeeded Coley as the head of the Bone Tumor Service at his father’s former residency at Memorial Hospital in New York (now Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center). Bradley published a textbook on bone tumors and reinforced Coley’s Toxins use as auxiliary treatment to prevent micro-metastasis (Coley, 1949). Helen Coley Nauts, a cancer researcher, dedicated her life to studying her father’s work, documenting his cases and publishing them (Coley-Nauts, 1990) The mechanism of action of Coley’s Toxins has generated great interest leading to research with the aim of identifying the â€Å"active† ingredient of the toxins and their role in cancer regression. The increased understanding of the factors involved in an immune response led to suggestions that cytokines like tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukins (IL) and interferons played a significant role (Old, 1988; Oettgen,1990; Nethersell,1990). This, supported by the observations, made after treatment of superficial bladder cancer by bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), a bacterial vaccine used in conventional therapy (Hoption, 2003). A random clinical trial carried out in the late 1980s proposes the mode of action of Coley’s Toxins in the following way: interferons induce augmentation of natural killer cell activity, stimulation of lymphoid tissues, induction of serum factor that causes necrosis of tumors, activation of macrophages, as well as stimulation of interleukin-2. (Tang et al., 1991) Interleukin II, or IL-2, is a well-known conventional immunotherapy and Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG), another vaccine, is used in conventional immunotherapy for bladder cancers. (Zlotta et al., 1998). Some proposals of the immune response elicited by the administration of Coley’s Toxins are that the cell-mediated immune (adaptive) response is the key moderator of cancer regression (Lucey, 1996) although animal studies involved infections that evoke a humoral immune response: aspergillus (Tzankov, 2001), malaria (Nauts, 1980), trichella (Molinari, 1979), and trypanosome (Cabral,2000). Besides, tumor regression occurred within a few hours of injection with Coley’s Toxins while adaptive immune response takes a few days to a week (Medzhitov, 2001). This supports the theory that the immune response elicited in the non-specific innate immune response. Because of the immune stimulating nature, treatment with Coley’s Toxins induces other conventional regimens that cannot be used simultaneously. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy suppress the immune system, killing the cancerous cells in the process. Coley’s Toxins, on the other hand, trigger an immune response with the macrophages destroying the cancer. An increased vivacity of the immune system and enhancement of lymphocyte activity due to the biologically active lipopolysaccharide result in the high fevers, typical of Coley’s Toxins therapy. Tests conducted on mice showed that mixed bacterial toxins caused regression of tumors with 15% or less lethal effects compared to the use of purified lipopolysaccharide (Havas, 1990). Non-immune mechanisms have been postulated to be responsible for the mechanism of action of Coley’s Toxins. This has been documented by Helen Coley Nauts as being derived from bacterial enzymes like streptokinase (Nauts, 1953). This theory was further developed, and streptokinase was proposed to act as a bacterial plasminogen to activate the host’s plasminogen. Plasminogen is then converted to the potent enzyme plasmin to initiate protease precipitation reactions capable of breaking down various plasma proteins (Zacharski, 2002; Zacharski, 2005). The efficacy of Coley’s Toxins is not a blanket treatment as evidenced by the various success and failure cases. It is believed or even extrapolated from a study of the cases documented that different types of cancers respond differently to this mode of treatment. The most successful cases have stemmed from the regimen being administered to patients suffering from sarcomas compared to carcinomas. The difference between a carcinoma and a sarcoma is the tissue showing malignancy. Tissue types of mesenchymal origin like bone, muscular, cartilaginous or adipose tissue, are considered to be sarcomas if they form malignant tumors while those of epithelial cells, such as colon and lung, are carcinomas. The possibility of toxicity of Coley’s Toxins means that doses should be adjusted and care given to support such patients. This treatment is patient specific but not to be recommended to all, but at the doctor’s own discretion. Some instances require special mention: patients with severe hepatic insufficiency, patients with severe cardiac conditions, or patients near death since the regimen will not help them (Nauts, 1975). The finished product needs to be tested using modern methods to assay the lipopolysaccharide and exotoxins presence and levels. Since it is evident that tumors secrete proteins that can stimulate an immune response, it is imperative that ways isolate the tumor-reactive T-cells from the tumor-bearing host. Attempts are made to up-regulate the chances of an immune response by modifying tumor cell to exhibit immunoregulatory proteins such as cytokines, interferons, streptokinase, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) (Chang, 1996). These advancements in the understanding of immunobiology in relation to cancer are stimulating research into vaccines for treatment in different types of cancer, specifically colon cancer and melanoma (Chamberlain, 2004) The American Cancer Society’s Guide to Complementary Alternative Cancer Methods attests, â€Å"Scientific evidence suggests Coley toxins or the mixed bacterial vaccine (MBV) may have a therapeutic role in the treatment of cancer, in a combined treatment approach.† (American Cancer Society, 2000). This is followed by the disclaimer that much has been learned about the science of immunology and practice of immunotherapy since Coley’s time and that modern immunotherapy is likely to be of greater value. The toxins are used outside the United States, for example, a Canadian company MBVax Bioscience produces Coley’s Fluid for use in clinical trials and research purposes. The biotech company Coley Pharmaceutical Group is involved in research on the DNA sequences that enable Coley’s Toxins to be efficient in producing regression of certain types of cancers. In addition, laws in Germany permit physicians to use any therapy he or she considers most appropriate in light of the patient’s medical condition and their medical knowledge. By 2006, there had been thirty human studies conducted and published in peer-reviewed literature databases but only two articles were relevant to Coley’s Toxins (Zacharski, 2005; McCarthy, 2006). Case studies involving this cancer-treating regimen have been well documented by Helen Coley Nauts and proved the success rate of her father’s treatment. Still, these cases are not usually cited by modern researches due to the advancement in modern clinical trials methods. The procedures followed now are more rigid and require adequate and consistent follow-up of patients, something Coley’s reports did poorly or lacked entirely. All this cancer research requires large amounts of resources, and the National Cancer Institute is the main agency that coordinates the national cancer research program. It is also responsible for disbursing funds received from Congress, federal agencies, voluntary organizations private institutions and corporations. Coley’s first patient Bessie Dashiell was reportedly John. D. Rockefeller Jr.’s childhood friend, and her death stimulated his contribution to cancer research funding. Pharmaceutical companies such as Pfizer are involved in research in the hopes of developing their own drugs and vaccines. The use of Coley’s Toxins has brought to light the significance played by fever-inducing infections (Hoption, 2003). The modern use of antibiotics has suppressed the natural immune mechanisms resulting from evolution, and antipyretic use to manage fever has resulted in the neglect of the significance of fever as the body’s response to an infection. The onset of fever usually accompanies multifarious physiological changes, namely increase in metabolic rates which facilitates leukocyte proliferation, maturation, and activation (Aubert, 1999; Hasday, 2000). Historically, fevers were considered important and even encouraged. Perhaps, a return to these previously held practices may help boost our weakened immune systems, which in turn would fight some of the incurable diseases faced by mankind today (Hoption, 2003). Coley’s Toxins have a place in the future despite being designated â€Å"new drug† status by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The successful use of this regimen by Coley and other physicians during his time proves that it is a useful area of research. This widely documented method of treating spontaneously occurring tumors has been instrumental in instigating further investigation into the significance of the role of the innate immune response to cancerous tumors. Modern cancer treatments repress the immune system. Although they are the conventional modes of therapy, they do not provide a definite cure. The nature of Coley’s work, his dedication, and the extensive case studies documented on the use of the toxins have granted him the epithet â€Å"Father of Immunotherapy†. Although he did not discover a new therapeutic method, his research and creation of Coley’s Toxins were not only useful to his patients but stimulated a change in the way that the immune system is viewed. His life’s work brought to light the role immunotherapy can have not only for managing cancer but also for curing it. Using the methods of study including but not limited to extensive clinical studies, the principles of Coley’s Toxins can be established with respect to the exhaustive human data in existence. Resurgence in interest, in Coley’s Toxins and the mechanism of action, may seem like retrogression in the field of cancer research. 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